Background: Exogenous androgen treatment suppresses the hypothalamo-pituitary testicular (HPT) axis causing reduced serum LH, FSH and testosterone (T). The Runoff Study [after Testosterone for Diabetes Mellitus (T4DM) Study] investigated the rate and extent of reproductive hormone recovery after 2 years of regular T undecanoate (TU) injections.
Methods: T4DM participants without pathological hypogonadism (n=1007) were randomised to TU or placebo (P) injections every 3 months for 2 years with 303 subsequently entering the Runoff study at 12 weeks after last injection. Before T4DM study unblinding, they provided blood samples and validated sexual function questionnaires (PDQ, IIEF-15) at entry, 6, 12, 18, 24, 40 and 52 weeks later. Serum steroid profile (T, DHT, E2, E1) was measured batchwise by LCMS and serum LH, FSH and SHBG by immunoassays.
Results: Runoff study participants in both groups were similar and no different from all T4DM participants. As expected, at Runoff study entry serum T was higher in TU-treated men but at all timepoints from 12 weeks onwards serum T and SHBG remained consistently 11% and 12%, respectively, lower in TU treated than in P treated men. Similarly, at Runoff entry sexual function scores were higher in TU-treated men but subsequently no different from P-treated men. Mean serum LH and FSH recovered gradually to reach mean baseline levels at 36 weeks after last injection with the median time to recover to their own pre-treatment baseline of 52.7 weeks (serum LH) and 51.1 weeks (serum FSH) after last injection.
Conclusion: After stopping 2 years of standard dose TU treatment in men without pathological hypogonadism, HPT function recovers slowly, taking 9 to >12 months since last dose, but is eventually complete. Persisting mild, proportionate reduction in serum SHBG and T reflect lasting effects of androgen treatment on hepatic SHBG secretion, but not androgen deficiency.